> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.zecblocks.xyz/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.zecblocks.xyz/transfers.md).

# Transfers

A valid transfer changes the protocol owner without requiring a marketplace sale.

Conceptually, a transfer proves authorization from the current owner and commits to a new owner.

## Required validation

A transfer must at minimum prove:

* The token already has a valid canonical claim.
* The signer controls the current ZB-1 ownership key.
* The transfer references the correct token and current ownership state.
* The authorization signature is valid.
* The new owner commitment is correctly formed.
* The event has not already been superseded by an earlier valid ownership change.

## Gifts and off-protocol payments

A TRANSFER can represent a gift.

Zcash consensus cannot force users to use the ZB-1 marketplace for every economic exchange. Two parties can theoretically perform a ZB-1 transfer and settle payment separately.

For that reason, the 3% fee is defined as a **ZB-1 Marketplace Protocol Fee**, not an unavoidable royalty on every possible transfer.